The landscape of education in Kenya has undergone notable transformations in recent years, with a particular focus on developing a workforce that is both skilled and adaptable. As the government of Kenya pushes forward with its agenda of promoting skill-based learning, the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) sector has taken center stage in shaping the future of education and the labor market. A key player in this shift is the TVET Curriculum Development, Assessment, and Certification Council (CDACC), whose efforts are directly impacting the way vocational training programs are designed and implemented across the country.
TVET education has always been at the heart of Kenya’s economic growth, providing young people with the opportunity to acquire practical, hands-on skills that directly correspond to the needs of various industries. However, as the job market continues to evolve and demand more specialized expertise, there has been a call for enhanced quality and relevance in vocational training. The establishment of TVET CDACC and its role in creating industry-specific occupational standards and curricula is a vital part of this ongoing transformation.
In this article, we will explore the role of TVET CDACC in setting occupational standards and curricula, the process involved in developing these materials, and how they contribute to creating a highly skilled workforce that can drive Kenya’s economic development.
What is an Occupational Standard (OS)?
Before diving into the specifics of the TVET CDACC’s work, it’s essential to understand what an occupational standard (OS) is and how it functions within the context of vocational training.
An Occupational Standard is a document that outlines the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for someone to perform competently in a specific occupation. These standards define the essential tasks, responsibilities, and competencies associated with a particular role in the workplace. The standards serve as a benchmark for both employers and training institutions, ensuring that workers possess the qualifications and expertise required by industry standards.
For instance, an Occupational Standard for a chef will detail the necessary culinary skills, knowledge of food safety standards, and the ability to work in high-pressure environments. The development of these standards is conducted through collaboration with professionals and experts currently working in the field, ensuring the standards are both accurate and reflective of real-world requirements.
These occupational standards serve as the foundation for creating structured training programs that help students acquire the practical competencies needed for employment. In essence, they provide the blueprint for developing effective curricula and assessing the competencies of trainees.
The Role of TVET CDACC in Curriculum Development
The TVET Curriculum Development, Assessment, and Certification Council (CDACC) plays a central role in the development and approval of curricula for technical and vocational programs in Kenya. Established under the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Act No. 29 of 2013, the council is mandated to ensure that the curricula offered by TVET institutions are aligned with the needs of the labor market and industry standards.
CDACC’s core responsibilities include designing and developing curricula, conducting assessments, and certifying the competence of graduates. Through these processes, the council ensures that Kenya’s TVET system remains responsive to both current and emerging trends, equipping students with relevant, up-to-date skills that are in demand by employers.
The occupational standards that CDACC develops are pivotal in this process. These standards lay the groundwork for the creation of training content that meets industry needs, ensuring that students acquire both theoretical knowledge and practical experience. With curricula built on well-researched occupational standards, the council is helping to shape a workforce that is not only competent but also adaptable to the changing dynamics of the job market.
A Deep Dive into TVET CDACC’s Approved Occupational Standards and Curricula
Since its establishment, TVET CDACC has developed a wide range of occupational standards and curricula across various sectors. These standards span across different levels of training, from Grade Tests (Level 3) to National Diplomas (Level 6), and they encompass numerous fields within the vocational training sector.
The curricula created by TVET CDACC cover critical areas that are vital for Kenya’s economic development. These include agriculture, construction, information technology, hospitality, health and safety, and many others. Below is a look at some of the key sectors covered by TVET CDACC’s occupational standards and curricula:
- Agriculture and Agricultural Engineering Agriculture remains one of Kenya’s largest economic sectors, and there is a constant demand for skilled professionals in various agricultural subfields. TVET CDACC’s occupational standards and curricula for agriculture cover areas such as crop production, livestock management, agricultural machinery, and irrigation systems. These programs provide students with practical skills that enable them to work efficiently in both smallholder and commercial farming environments, contributing to increased agricultural productivity.
- Construction and Civil Engineering The construction industry in Kenya has seen impressive growth in recent years, driven by an increase in infrastructure projects and real estate development. The TVET CDACC has developed a comprehensive set of curricula and occupational standards for fields such as carpentry, masonry, plumbing, electrical work, and project management. These programs are designed to provide students with the hands-on skills needed to build and maintain structures that are safe, sustainable, and compliant with industry standards.
- Information and Communication Technology (ICT) The global shift toward digital transformation has highlighted the importance of ICT professionals in almost every industry. TVET CDACC has developed specialized standards and curricula in areas such as software engineering, network administration, cybersecurity, and web development. These training programs ensure that students are equipped with the skills necessary to thrive in the rapidly changing world of technology, from coding to system security.
- Hospitality and Tourism Kenya’s tourism sector continues to be a major contributor to the country’s GDP, with demand for skilled hospitality and tourism professionals increasing year by year. The TVET CDACC offers curricula designed to train individuals in areas like hotel management, event planning, tourism marketing, and food service. Students are trained to meet the high expectations of both local and international tourists, ensuring that Kenya’s hospitality sector remains competitive in the global marketplace.
- Automotive Engineering As Kenya’s automotive industry grows, so does the need for skilled automotive technicians and engineers. TVET CDACC has developed standards and curricula for the automotive sector that focus on vehicle diagnostics, engine repair, and modern automotive technologies. These programs ensure that students are prepared to handle a range of vehicles and technologies, from electric cars to traditional combustion engine models.
- Health and Safety The importance of health and safety in the workplace cannot be overstated. The TVET CDACC offers training programs in occupational health and safety, covering a wide range of sectors such as manufacturing, construction, and hospitality. These programs teach students how to identify risks, implement safety protocols, and create a safe working environment that adheres to national and international safety standards.
Some of the courses approved for training are:
No. | Course | Level |
1. | Accountancy | 6 |
2. | Aeronautical Engineering- Air frame and power plant option | 6 |
3. | Aeronautical Engineering- Avionics option | 6 |
4. | Agricultural Engineering | 6 |
5. | Agricultural Extension | 4 |
6. | Agricultural Extension | 6 |
7. | Agriculture machinery and equipment | 4 |
8. | Agriprenuership | 3 |
9. | Agriprenuership | 4 |
10. | Agriprenuership | 5 |
11. | Agriprenuership | 6 |
12. | Air Cargo Management | 6 |
13. | Air Cargo Operations | 5 |
14. | Airport operations | 6 |
15. | Analytical Chemistry | 6 |
16. | Animation and Digital Media | 5 |
17. | Animation and Digital Media Technology | 6 |
18. | Apiary attendant | 4 |
19. | Apiculture management | 5 |
20. | Apiculture management | 6 |
21. | Applied Biology | 6 |
22. | Applied statistics | 6 |
23. | Aquaculture | 3 |
24. | Aquaculture | 4 |
25. | Aquaculture | 5 |
26. | Aquaculture | 6 |
27. | Architectural Draftsmanship | 5 |
28. | Architectural Technology | 6 |
29. | Artificial Intelligence | 6 |
30. | Auto body Technology | 6 |
31. | Automotive Engineering | 5 |
32. | Automotive Engineering | 6 |
33. | Automotive Mechanic | 3 |
34. | Automotive Mechatronics Technology | 6 |
35. | Automotive Technician | 4 |
36. | Baking Technology | 5 |
37. | Baking Technology | 6 |
38. | Baking Technology (Cake Decoration and Pastry Production) | 4 |
39. | Baking Technology (Cake decoration) | 3 |
40. | Baking Technology (Cake producer) | 3 |
41. | Baking Technology (Cake Production and Decoration) | 4 |
42. | Baking Technology (Pastry producer) | 3 |
43. | Baking Technology (Production of Cakes and Pastry Products) | 4 |
44. | Baking Technology (Production of Yeast Products and Cake Decoration) | 4 |
45. | Baking Technology (Production of Yeast Products and Cakes) | 4 |
46. | Baking Technology (Yeast and Pastry Production) | 4 |
47. | Baking Technology (Yeast products) | 3 |
48. | Banking and finance | 6 |
49. | Bartender | 4 |
50. | Beauty Therapy | 3 |
51. | Beauty Therapy | 4 |
52. | Beauty Therapy | 5 |
53. | Beauty Therapy | 6 |
54. | Bee products Processing | 4 |
55. | Beehives and Equipment Construction | 4 |
56. | Biotechnology | 5 |
57. | Biotechnology | 6 |
58. | Broadcast Journalism | 6 |
59. | Building Artisan | 4 |
60. | Building Technician | 6 |
61. | Business Management | 5 |
62. | Business Management | 6 |
63. | Carpentry and Joinery | 4 |
64. | Carpentry and Joinery | 5 |
65. | Cartography | 6 |
66. | Ceramic Technology | 3 |
67. | Ceramic Technology | 4 |
68. | Ceramic technology | 6 |
69. | Ceramics Technology | 5 |
70. | Chemical Engineering | 6 |
71. | Child Protection | 5 |
72. | Child Protection | 6 |
73. | Christian Ministry | 6 |
74. | Civil Engineering | 6 |
75. | Clearing and Forwarding | 6 |
76. | Community health | 4 |
77. | Community Health | 5 |
78. | Community health | 6 |
79. | Community Policing | 5 |
80. | Computer and Mobile Repair | 4 |
81. | Computer applications | 3 |
82. | Computer Programming | 6 |
83. | Computer Science | 6 |
84. | Concrete Field Testing | 4 |
85. | Concrete foreperson | 5 |
86. | Construction Management | 6 |
87. | Construction plant Engineering | 6 |
88. | Construction survey | 4 |
89. | Cooperative management | 5 |
90. | Cooperative Management | 6 |
91. | Corporate Governance | 6 |
92. | Counseling Psychology | 5 |
93. | Counseling Psychology | 6 |
94. | Credit management | 6 |
95. | Credit Officer | 5 |
96. | Criminal Justice Management | 5 |
97. | Criminal Justice management | 6 |
98. | Customs Administration | 5 |
99. | Customs Administration | 6 |
100. | Cyber Security | 5 |
101. | Cyber Security | 6 |
102. | Dairy Farm Management | 3 |
103. | Dairy Farm Management | 4 |
104. | Dairy Farm Management | 5 |
105. | Dairy Farm Management | 6 |
106. | Dairy Plant Management | 4 |
107. | Dairy Plant Management | 5 |
108. | Dairy Plant Management | 6 |
109. | Dairy Processing | 4 |
110. | Data management and Analytics | 6 |
111. | Digital Journalism | 6 |
112. | Distributed Sales | 3 |
113. | Distributed sales | 5 |
114. | Drawing and Painting | 6 |
115. | Electrical Engineering | 6 |
116. | Electrical Installation | 3 |
117. | Electrical Installation | 4 |
118. | Electrical Installation | 5 |
119. | Electrical Installation | 6 |
120. | Electrical Operations | 5 |
121. | Electronics | 3 |
122. | Electronics | 4 |
123. | Electronics Engineering | 5 |
124. | Electronics Engineering | 6 |
125. | Environmental Management | 6 |
126. | Environmental Science | 6 |
127. | Fabric Formation | 5 |
128. | Fashion design | 4 |
129. | Fashion design | 5 |
130. | Fashion design (dress making) | 3 |
131. | Fashion design (tailoring) | 3 |
132. | Fashion Design Management | 6 |
133. | Film production | 6 |
134. | Financial Sales Services | 5 |
135. | Fine arts | 5 |
136. | Fine arts | 6 |
137. | Fingerprint & Biometrics Technology | 5 |
138. | Fingerprint and Biometric Technology | 6 |
139. | Fire Management | 6 |
140. | Fire Management (Pump Operations) | 3 |
141. | Fire Management (Technical Rescuer) | 4 |
142. | Fire Management (Water Rescuer) | 4 |
143. | Fisheries Technology | 5 |
144. | Fisheries Technology | 6 |
145. | Fisheries Technology (Dry Dock Operations) | 3 |
146. | Fisheries Technology (Dry Dock Operations) | 4 |
147. | Fisheries Technology (fishing operations) | 3 |
148. | Fisheries Technology (fishing operations) | 4 |
149. | Fitness Instructor | 4 |
150. | Flight dispatch | 6 |
151. | Food and Beverage Production (Culinary Art) | 3 |
152. | Food and Beverage Production (Culinary Art) | 6 |
153. | Food and Beverage Production (Culinary Arts) | 4 |
154. | Food and Beverage Production (Culinary arts) | 5 |
155. | Food and Beverage Sales and Service Management | 6 |
156. | Food and Beverage Sales and Services Operations | 3 |
157. | Food and Beverage Sales Service | 4 |
158. | Food Beverage Sales and Service Management | 5 |
159. | Food Processing Technology | 4 |
160. | Food Technology | 5 |
161. | Food Technology | 6 |
162. | Footwear production | 3 |
163. | Footwear production | 4 |
164. | Footwear production | 5 |
165. | Forensic investigation | 5 |
166. | Forensic investigation | 6 |
167. | Forestry | 6 |
168. | Forestry Management | 5 |
169. | Forex and securities | 3 |
170. | Forex and securities | 4 |
171. | Forex and securities | 5 |
172. | Forex and Securities | 6 |
173. | Freight Management | 6 |
174. | Freight operations | 5 |
175. | Front Office Operations | 3 |
176. | Gemology | 3 |
177. | Gemology | 4 |
178. | Gemology | 5 |
179. | Gemology | 6 |
180. | Geographical Information System (GIS) Technology | 4 |
181. | Geophysical Exploration Technology | 5 |
182. | Geophysical Exploration Technology | 6 |
183. | Graphic Design | 5 |
184. | Graphic Design | 6 |
185. | Hairdressing | 3 |
186. | Hairdressing | 4 |
187. | Hairdressing | 5 |
188. | Hairdressing | 6 |
189. | Hairdressing and Beauty Therapy | 3 |
190. | Health Records and Information | 5 |
191. | Health records and IT | 6 |
192. | Health Services Support | 4 |
193. | Health Services Support | 5 |
194. | Herbal Medicine | 6 |
195. | Highway Engineering | 6 |
196. | Home Care Management | 3 |
197. | Home Care Management | 4 |
198. | Home Care Management | 5 |
199. | Homecare Management | 6 |
200. | Horticultural Produce Processing Management | 3 |
201. | Horticultural Produce Processing Management | 4 |
202. | Horticultural Produce Processing Management | 5 |
203. | Horticultural Produce Processing Management | 6 |
204. | Horticulture Nursery Management | 3 |
205. | Horticulture Nursery Management | 4 |
206. | Horticulture Nursery Management | 5 |
207. | Horticulture Nursery Management | 6 |
208. | Horticulture Production | 3 |
209. | Horticulture Production | 4 |
210. | Horticulture Production | 5 |
211. | Horticulture Production | 6 |
212. | Housekeeping and Accommodation | 3 |
213. | Housekeeping and Accommodation | 4 |
214. | Housekeeping and Accommodation | 5 |
215. | Housekeeping and Accommodation | 6 |
216. | Human Resource Management | 5 |
217. | Human Resource Management | 6 |
218. | ICT Technician | 4 |
219. | ICT Technician | 5 |
220. | ICT Technician | 6 |
221. | Industrial Automation and Robotics | 6 |
222. | Industrial Controls Installations | 6 |
223. | Industrial Mechatronics Technology | 6 |
224. | Industrial plant operation | 5 |
225. | Industrial Plant Operations | 4 |
226. | Industrial plant operations | 6 |
227. | Instrumentation and Control | 3 |
228. | Instrumentation and Control | 4 |
229. | Instrumentation and Control | 5 |
230. | Instrumentation and Control | 6 |
231. | Instrumentation and Control (Calibrations and Measurements) | 3 |
232. | Instrumentation and Control (Industrial Pneumatics) | 3 |
233. | Instrumentation and control (Simple Automation) | 4 |
234. | Insurance | 3 |
235. | Insurance | 4 |
236. | Insurance | 5 |
237. | Insurance | 6 |
238. | Integrated Pest Management | 5 |
239. | Interior Design | 4 |
240. | Interior Design | 5 |
241. | Interior Design | 6 |
242. | Interior Design Finishing | 5 |
243. | Investment Management | 6 |
244. | Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Technology | 6 |
245. | Islamic Banking | 6 |
246. | Land Surveying | 5 |
247. | Land surveying | 6 |
248. | Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Operations | 4 |
249. | Leather Goods Production | 5 |
250. | Leather Processing (tanning) | 5 |
251. | Leather Technology | 6 |
252. | Library and Information Science | 5 |
253. | Library and information science | 6 |
254. | Marine Engineering | 5 |
255. | Marine Engineering (Ship Construction) | 6 |
256. | Maritime Transport and Logistics | 6 |
257. | Marketing | 5 |
258. | Marketing Management | 6 |
259. | Marriage and Family Therapy | 5 |
260. | Marriage and family therapy | 6 |
261. | Masonry | 3 |
262. | Masonry | 4 |
263. | Meat Abattoir Operations | 4 |
264. | Meat Based Product Processing | 4 |
265. | Meat Butchery Operations | 3 |
266. | Meat Butchery Operations | 4 |
267. | Meat Processing | 5 |
268. | Meat Slaughterhouse Operations | 3 |
269. | Mechanical Heavy and Light Machinery Operations (Earth Moving) | 3 |
270. | Mechanical Heavy and Light Machinery Operations (Mobile Crane Operations) | 6 |
271. | Mechanical Heavy and Light Machinery Operations (Slinging and Rigging Operations) | 3 |
272. | Mechanical plant engineering Technology | 6 |
273. | Mechanical Plant Technology | 5 |
274. | Mechanical Production (Grinding and Fabrication) | 4 |
275. | Mechanical Production (Lathe and Fabrication) | 4 |
276. | Mechanical Production (Milling and Fabrication) | 4 |
277. | Mechanical Production Technology | 5 |
278. | Mechanical Technology (Production) | 6 |
279. | Mechanical Technology and Maintenance. | 6 |
280. | Mechatronic Technician | 5 |
281. | Mechatronic Technician | 6 |
282. | Medical Engineering | 5 |
283. | Medical Engineering | 6 |
284. | Medical laboratory technology | 6 |
285. | Mining Technology | 6 |
286. | Motorcycle Mechanics | 3 |
287. | Motorcycle Mechanics | 4 |
288. | Music Art | 5 |
289. | Music performance | 6 |
290. | Music technology | 6 |
291. | Network and System Administration | 6 |
292. | Nutrition and Dietetics | 5 |
293. | Nutrition and dietetics | 6 |
294. | Office Administration | 5 |
295. | Office Administration | 6 |
296. | Office Assistance | 4 |
297. | Oil Pipeline Fire Operations | 5 |
298. | Oil Pipeline Instrumentation and Control | 5 |
299. | Oil Pipeline Laboratory Technology | 5 |
300. | Oil Pipeline Mechanical Maintenance | 5 |
301. | Oil Pipeline Operations | 5 |
302. | Optical technology | 6 |
303. | Pastry cook | 4 |
304. | Pension Management | 6 |
305. | Perioperative Theatre Technology | 5 |
306. | Perioperative Theatre Technology | 6 |
307. | Petroleum Management | 6 |
308. | Pharmaceutical technology | 6 |
309. | Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing | 6 |
310. | Pig production | 3 |
311. | Pig production | 4 |
312. | Plant and Service | 3 |
313. | Plant and Service | 4 |
314. | Plant and Service Engineering | 5 |
315. | Plant and Service Engineering | 6 |
316. | Plumbing | 3 |
317. | Plumbing | 4 |
318. | Plumbing | 5 |
319. | Post-Press Printing Technology | 5 |
320. | Poultry Breeding and Hatchery Operations | 5 |
321. | Poultry Broiler Production Operations | 3 |
322. | Poultry Broiler Production Operations | 4 |
323. | Poultry Hatchery Operations | 4 |
324. | Poultry Kienyeji Production | 3 |
325. | Poultry Layer Production | 3 |
326. | Poultry Layer Production | 4 |
327. | Poultry Management Technology | 6 |
328. | Poultry Processing Operations | 5 |
329. | Poultry Products Processing Operations | 4 |
330. | Pre- Press Printing Technology | 5 |
331. | Press Printing technology | 5 |
332. | Print Journalism | 6 |
333. | Printing Technology | 6 |
334. | Product Design | 5 |
335. | Project Management | 5 |
336. | Project Management | 6 |
337. | Public administration | 6 |
338. | Quantity Surveying | 6 |
339. | Records and Archive Management | 4 |
340. | Records and Archives Management | 5 |
341. | Records and Archives Management | 6 |
342. | Refrigeration and Air Conditioning | 4 |
343. | Refrigeration and Air Conditioning | 5 |
344. | Refrigeration and Air Conditioning | 6 |
345. | Road Transport Management | 5 |
346. | Road Transport Management | 6 |
347. | Road Transport Operations | 4 |
348. | Salt Processing | 4 |
349. | Scaffolding Technology | 3 |
350. | Scaffolding Technology | 4 |
351. | Scaffolding technology | 5 |
352. | Scaffolding technology | 6 |
353. | Science Laboratory Technician | 5 |
354. | Science laboratory technology | 6 |
355. | Security Guarding | 3 |
356. | Security Guarding | 4 |
357. | Security management | 5 |
358. | Security management | 6 |
359. | Sign Language | 4 |
360. | Social Work and Community Development | 3 |
361. | Social Work and Community Development | 4 |
362. | Social Work and Community Development | 5 |
363. | Social Work and Community Development | 6 |
364. | Soft furnishing | 5 |
365. | Soil management | 3 |
366. | Soil management | 4 |
367. | Soil management | 5 |
368. | Soil management | 6 |
369. | Solar PV installation | 3 |
370. | Spinning | 5 |
371. | Sports Instructor Technology | 4 |
372. | Sports Science Technology | 4 |
373. | Sports Science Technology | 6 |
374. | Storekeeping Management | 5 |
375. | Supply Chain Management | 5 |
376. | Supply Chain Management | 6 |
377. | Sustainable Agriculture for Rural Development | 5 |
378. | Tax Administrator | 6 |
379. | Tax Clerk | 5 |
380. | Technical trainer | 6 |
381. | Telecommunication Engineering | 6 |
382. | Textile Engineering | 6 |
383. | Textile Processing | 5 |
384. | Theatre arts | 6 |
385. | Tour Guide | 5 |
386. | Tourism and Travel Management | 5 |
387. | Tourism and Travel Management | 6 |
388. | Wastewater and Sanitation Engineering Technology | 6 |
389. | Water Engineering | 6 |
390. | Water Laboratory Technology | 6 |
391. | Water resource management technology | 6 |
392. | Welding | 4 |
393. | Welding (Gas Welding and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) | 4 |
394. | Welding (Gas Welding) | 3 |
395. | Welding (Manual Metal Arc and Gas Metal Arc Welding) | 4 |
396. | Welding (Manual Metal Arc Welding) | 3 |
397. | Welding and fabrication | 5 |
398. | Welding and Fabrication | 6 |
399. | Wildlife Management | 5 |
400. | Wildlife Management | 6 |
401. | Wine Technology | 5 |
402. | Sweet potato processing | 3 |
403. | Sweet potato processing | 4 |
404. | Sweet potato production | 3 |
405. | Sweet potato production | 4 |
406. | Sweet potato processing and production | 5 |
How TVET CDACC Supports Kenya’s Workforce Development
The work done by TVET CDACC has a profound impact on the development of Kenya’s workforce. By establishing a robust system of occupational standards and curricula, the council ensures that training institutions can provide relevant, up-to-date education that directly aligns with the needs of employers. This contributes to the reduction of skills gaps and the creation of a more competent and employable workforce.
One of the most significant benefits of the council’s efforts is the direct link between education and employment. Students graduating from TVET institutions are more likely to find meaningful employment because they possess the skills and competencies demanded by employers. This has a direct impact on reducing unemployment rates, particularly among young people, and fostering an environment of economic growth.
Moreover, the integration of hands-on learning and practical experience into the curricula ensures that students are not just learning theory but also acquiring the real-world skills needed to succeed in their chosen occupations. This makes the TVET sector an important tool in addressing the challenges of poverty and inequality in Kenya, as it provides avenues for people from all backgrounds to gain skills and access well-paying jobs.
The TVET CDACC has proven to be a game-changer for Kenya’s technical and vocational education system. By developing detailed and industry-aligned occupational standards and curricula, the council has played a vital role in ensuring that the nation’s workforce is equipped with the necessary skills to compete in the global economy. This approach not only improves the quality of vocational training but also enhances the employability of graduates, fostering a more dynamic and skilled workforce. As Kenya continues to push for economic growth, the contributions of TVET CDACC will undoubtedly be central to the success of the country’s skill-based education strategy.