Dhania, also known as cilantro or coriander, is a popular herb grown widely in Kenya due to its versatility in culinary use. It’s primarily used as a food flavoring in dishes, salads, and garnishes. With its strong demand in local markets and relatively short growing cycle, Dhania farming has become an attractive venture for many farmers across the country. This article provides insights into the key aspects of Dhania farming in Kenya, from ecological requirements to planting, care, and harvesting.
Varieties of Dhania Grown in Kenya
Several varieties of Dhania are grown in Kenya, depending on the farmer’s preference and market demand. These varieties include:
- Seed Coriander – Grown primarily for its seeds, which are used as a spice.
- Cilantro – The most common variety grown for its leaves, used in garnishing and salads.
- Leaf Cilantro – Similar to cilantro but bred specifically for leaf production.
- Vietnamese Coriander – A less common variety that has a slightly different flavor and is preferred in some Asian cuisines.
Ecological Conditions for Growing Dhania
To achieve the best yields, Dhania requires specific ecological conditions:
- Soil: Fertile, well-drained sandy loam soils with a pH range of around 6.8. The soil should be rich in organic matter to enhance plant growth.
- Temperature: Optimal growth occurs in temperatures ranging from 18-25°C.
- Sunlight: Dhania thrives in areas that receive 5-6 hours of sunlight daily.
Planting and Propagation
Dhania is primarily propagated through seeds. There are two methods for seed propagation:
- Direct Sowing: Seeds are sown directly into the field, which is more efficient and results in quicker growth than transplanting.
- Transplanting: Seeds are sown in nurseries and later transplanted into the main field. However, this method can stress the plants and lead to slower growth.
Planting Process
- Seed Preparation: Before planting, soak the Dhania seeds in an optimizer solution for 6-12 hours. This process accelerates germination, which typically takes about 10 days.
- Row Preparation: Prepare rows that are 2-4 cm deep with a spacing of 15 cm between plants and 30 cm between rows.
- Planting: Drill the seeds in the prepared rows, cover them with a thin layer of soil mixed with farmyard manure and Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) fertilizer. DAP improves soil structure and boosts root development.
- Watering: After planting, water the seeds adequately to facilitate germination and early growth.
Weeding
Proper weeding is essential for healthy Dhania growth. Weeds compete with the plants for nutrients and water, reducing yields. Regular weeding should be done, especially in the early stages of growth, to ensure that the plants receive maximum nutrients.
Pests and Diseases Management
Like many crops, Dhania is susceptible to pests and diseases, which can severely affect the yield. Some common pests and diseases include:
Pests
- Aphids: Small insects that feed on the sap of the plant, leading to stunted growth.
- Cutworms: Larvae that cut young plants at the soil level, leading to plant loss.
- Armyworms: Insects that can defoliate plants rapidly, causing significant damage.
Control Measures: Use pesticides like Kingcode Elite, Alonze, and Pentagon to control pest infestations.
Diseases
- Soft Rot: Causes the plant to rot at the base.
- Damping Off: Fungal disease that affects seedlings, causing them to collapse.
- Powdery Mildew: A fungal disease that results in white powdery patches on the leaves.
Control Measures: Drench the soil with fungicides such as Pyramid, Greencop, Ransom, or Chariot to manage these diseases effectively.
Harvesting
Dhania is ready for harvesting 25-35 days after planting. There are two primary harvesting methods:
- Leaf Harvesting: Plucking the green leaves when they are tender and lush.
- Whole Plant Harvesting: Uprooting the entire plant and selling it fresh.
Dhania is a fast-growing crop, and with proper care, multiple harvests can be achieved within a short period.
Market for Dhania in Kenya
The demand for Dhania is consistently high in Kenya due to its extensive use in households, restaurants, and institutions. Farmers can sell their produce in various markets, including:
- Open-Air Markets: Where farmers sell directly to consumers.
- Groceries: Supplying fresh Dhania to local groceries and supermarkets.
- Institutions: Schools, hotels, and restaurants often require bulk supplies of Dhania.
The price of Dhania in local markets can go as low as Kshs 5 per bunch, though prices fluctuate based on seasonality, demand, and location.
Dhania farming in Kenya is a profitable venture due to its fast growth and high demand in both urban and rural areas. With the right ecological conditions, proper planting, pest control, and market access, farmers can significantly benefit from this crop. Given the growing trend towards organic and fresh produce, Dhania farming offers an opportunity for small-scale farmers to boost their income with minimal investment.
