Kenya has long been recognized as one of the leading producers of French beans in the world. The country’s conducive climatic conditions, fertile soils, and the increasing global demand for fresh vegetables have made French beans one of the top horticultural export products. French beans, or “green beans,” are consumed both locally and internationally, playing a crucial role in the country’s agricultural export portfolio.
The farming of French beans in Kenya has seen steady growth in recent years, with more farmers venturing into this lucrative industry due to its relatively quick turnaround time and high returns. The beans, prized for their tender and crisp texture, are primarily grown for export to European markets, where they are in high demand. The robust export market has led to the establishment of several export companies that have been instrumental in building Kenya’s reputation as a top exporter of high-quality French beans.
In this article, we explore the key factors driving the success of French beans farming in Kenya, the best regions for cultivation, recommended farming practices, the varieties of French beans grown, and the major players in the market who buy these beans in bulk for export.
Key Regions for Growing French Beans in Kenya
French beans are grown in various regions of Kenya, primarily in areas with suitable climatic conditions such as moderate temperatures, well-distributed rainfall, and fertile soils. Some of the leading French bean farming areas include:
- Kajiado
- Kiambu
- Nakuru
- Murang’a
- Machakos
- Thika
- Kirinyaga
- Nyeri
- Uasin Gishu
- Parts of Western Kenya
These regions have become the hubs for French beans cultivation, thanks to their rich soils, optimal altitude, and the availability of reliable water sources. The Kenyan highlands, in particular, offer the best ecological conditions for French beans farming.
Varieties of French Beans Grown in Kenya
Kenya’s farmers have access to a wide range of French beans varieties, each with distinct characteristics suited for different market demands. Some of the most common varieties grown in Kenya include:
- Samantha
- Monei
- Amy
- Pekera
- Cupvert
- Bronco
- Teresa
- Julia
- Gloria
- Super Monei
- Loby
- Expadia
- Morgan
- Tonivert
- Claudia
- Tokai
- Paulista
- Texas
These varieties are selected based on their resistance to diseases, yield potential, and suitability for both local and international markets. Some varieties are specifically grown for the premium export market, including those that require extra care in terms of size, color, and packaging.
Ecological Conditions for Growing French Beans
French beans thrive in specific ecological conditions, which make certain regions of Kenya ideal for their cultivation. Here are the key ecological requirements for growing French beans:
- Altitude: French beans grow well at altitudes ranging from 1000 to 2100 meters above sea level.
- Soil: The beans require well-drained, nutrient-rich soils with an optimal pH level ranging from 6.5 to 7.5.
- Rainfall: French beans require a well-distributed rainfall pattern, averaging between 900-1200 mm per annum.
- Temperature: The optimum temperature for French beans cultivation ranges between 20-25°C, which is typical of the highland areas of Kenya.
Farmers need to ensure these conditions are met to guarantee the success of their crops. With the right conditions, French beans grow quickly, usually reaching maturity in 45-50 days after planting.
Planting and Crop Management for French Beans
French beans are typically planted at the onset of the rainy season, as they require a lot of water to thrive during their growing period. Here are some key aspects of the planting and crop management process:
- Spacing: The recommended spacing for sowing French bean seeds is 30 cm by 15 cm for single rows, and 60 cm by 30 cm for double rows.
- Seed Rate: The seed rate for French beans is approximately 30 kg per acre.
- Crop Rotation: Crop rotation is highly encouraged when growing French beans. Rotating crops helps in rejuvenating the soil, controlling weeds, and preventing the buildup of pests and diseases.
Farmers should also be vigilant about controlling pests and diseases, using appropriate crop protection methods to ensure that their produce meets export standards.
Fertilization and Nutrient Management for French Beans
To ensure optimal growth and high yields, French beans require a steady supply of nutrients. Fertilization is essential at different stages of growth:
- At Planting: Apply 200 kg of DAP fertilizer per hectare at the time of planting to provide essential nutrients for early plant growth.
- Top Dressing: Approximately 100 kg of CAN (Calcium Ammonium Nitrate) fertilizer per hectare should be applied during top-dressing to boost the beans’ growth during their flowering and pod-setting stages.
- Foliar Feed: Foliar feeds like Bayfolan should be applied every two weeks to promote healthy plant growth and maximize yields.
It is crucial to monitor the soil’s nutrient levels regularly and adjust the fertilization program accordingly to ensure optimal growth and yield.
Harvesting French Beans
French beans are ready for harvesting 45 to 50 days after planting, depending on the variety and growing conditions. Harvesting is typically done twice a week, but for fine beans and extra-fine beans, harvesting may occur up to three times a week to maintain the beans’ quality and freshness.
An acre of French beans can yield between 4000 to 6000 kg of beans, making it a highly productive crop when managed well. The beans should be harvested with care to avoid any damage that could reduce their market value. Additionally, it’s important to harvest during the cooler parts of the day to minimize the risk of spoilage and preserve freshness.
The Market for French Beans in Kenya
French beans in Kenya are primarily grown for export to international markets, especially to countries in Europe where the demand for fresh vegetables is high. Kenyan French beans are known for their quality, making them highly sought after in international markets. The beans are typically sold to large export companies that handle logistics and marketing.
Local Market for French Beans
In addition to the export market, there is also a growing local market for French beans, especially in urban centers. The retail price for French beans in Kenya is approximately Kshs 100 per kg. However, local farmers often find better returns from exporting their beans due to the higher prices they can command in European markets.
Major Buyers of French Beans in Kenya
Several companies in Kenya are key players in the French beans export market. These exporters buy French beans in bulk from farmers and supply them to international buyers. Some of the prominent buyers include:
- Vegpro Kenya
Contact: 020 552 506 - Kenya Horticultural Exports Limited
Contacts: 0703 471 417, 020 251 7979 - French Produce Exports Association
Contact: 0713 516 555 - Homegrown Kenya Ltd
Contact: 020 387 3800 - Everest Limited
Contacts: 020 314 2009, 020 622 4142
These companies play a vital role in ensuring that Kenyan French beans reach international markets efficiently and in prime condition.
A Bright Future for French Beans Farming in Kenya
French beans farming presents a significant opportunity for Kenyan farmers looking to tap into the growing global demand for fresh, high-quality vegetables. With the right farming practices, access to high-quality seeds, and adherence to good agricultural practices, farmers can achieve high yields and profits.
Kenya’s favorable climate and the establishment of strong export networks make the country one of the top producers of French beans globally. For both established and emerging farmers, the French beans farming sector offers promising returns, provided that the correct market players and export channels are engaged.
By embracing modern farming techniques, such as crop rotation, proper irrigation, and efficient fertilization, Kenyan farmers can continue to meet the growing demand for French beans while contributing to the country’s economic growth.
